Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by constant attention-seeking, emotional overreaction, and seductive behavior. People with this condition tend to overdramatize situations, which may impair relationships and lead to depression. Yet they are highly suggestible, easily susceptible to the influence of others.
表演型人格障礙以持續(xù)追求吸引別人注意、情緒反應(yīng)過激、撩撥挑逗行為為特征。此類障礙患者常會(huì)小題大做，這可能會(huì)破壞患者的人際感情關(guān)系，并導(dǎo)致抑郁癥，但該類患者非常容易受到暗示，即，極易受他人影響。
Definition / 定義
Individuals with histrionic personality disorder exhibit excessive emotionality—a tendency to regard things in an emotional manner—and are attention seekers.
People with this disorder are uncomfortable or feel unappreciated when they are not the center of attention.
Typical behaviors may include the constant seeking of approval or attention, self-dramatization, and theatricality. People with histrionic personality disorder may act self-centeredly or sexually seductive in inappropriate situations, including social, occupational, and professional relationships, beyond what is appropriate for the social context. They may be lively and dramatic, and may initially charm new acquaintances with their enthusiasm, apparent openness, or flirtatiousness. They may also, however, embarrass friends and acquaintances with excessive public displays of emotion, such as embracing casual acquaintances with passion, sobbing uncontrollably over minor setbacks, or having temper tantrums.
表演型人格障礙患者過度情緒化——易于感情用事，而且喜歡吸引別人目光。
當(dāng)他們并非目光焦點(diǎn)時(shí)，他們會(huì)感到不舒服，或認(rèn)為是別人有眼無珠。
典型行為可能包括：持續(xù)吸引別人認(rèn)可或注意力、自我夸大、戲劇化。
表演型人格障礙患者可能會(huì)在不適宜的情形下，如社交、職場(chǎng)、專業(yè)場(chǎng)合中，表現(xiàn)出不適宜該場(chǎng)合的以自我中心、或性挑逗勾引的行為。
他們可能會(huì)充滿活力、舉止奔放，可能剛開始會(huì)憑借他們的熱情、開放、或調(diào)戲言行吸引住新認(rèn)識(shí)的人。
但他們也可能會(huì)因?yàn)樵诠_場(chǎng)合的過度情感流露令朋友和周圍的人尷尬，比如熱情似火地?fù)肀б粋€(gè)不是很熟的人，或遇到一點(diǎn)小挫折就止不住地抽泣，或發(fā)脾氣等。
People with histrionic personality disorder commandeer the role of “life of the party.” Their interests and conversation will be self-focused. They use their physical appearance to draw attention to themselves. They tend to believe that relationships are more intimate than they actually are. Their emotional expression may be shallow and rapidly shifting. Their style of speech is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail. They may do well with jobs that value and require imagination and creativity, but will probably have difficulty with tasks that demand logical or analytical thinking.
表演型人格障礙患者喜歡扮演“派對(duì)靈魂人物”的角色。
他們的興趣與談話以他們自己為中心。
他們利用外表來吸引別人目光。
他們易于誤認(rèn)為他們與別人的關(guān)系很親密，但實(shí)際上并非那么親密。
他們的情緒可能會(huì)很膚淺多變。他們的語言風(fēng)格過度“印象派”，缺乏詳實(shí)信息。
他們可能會(huì)擅長(zhǎng)注重想象力和創(chuàng)造性的工作，但在需要邏輯和分析型思維的工作任務(wù)中，可能會(huì)無法勝任。
Symptoms / 癥狀
DSM-5
According to the DSM-5, for a diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder to be given, five or more of the following symptoms must be present:
根據(jù) DSM-5（精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)），確診表演型人格障礙，需至少滿足以下5條癥狀：
- Self-centeredness, feeling uncomfortable when not the center of attention
- ?Constantly seeking reassurance or approval
- ?Inappropriately seductive appearance or behavior
- ?Rapidly shifting emotional states that appear shallow to others
- ?Overly concerned with physical appearance, and using physical appearance to draw attention to self
- ?Opinions are easily influenced by other people, but difficult to back up with details
- ?Excessive dramatics with exaggerated displays of emotion
- Tendency to believe that relationships are more intimate than they actually are
- Is highly suggestible (easily influenced by others)
- 以自我為中心，當(dāng)不是目光焦點(diǎn)時(shí)，會(huì)感到不舒服；
- 持續(xù)尋求肯定或認(rèn)可；
- 不適宜的挑逗引誘的外表或行為；
- 情緒狀態(tài)多變，并且這些情緒在別人看來很膚淺；
- 過度在意外在形象，通過外在形象吸引別人注意；
- 觀點(diǎn)容易受別人影響，但很難提供詳實(shí)信息來作為支持論據(jù)。
- 情緒夸張，過度戲劇化
- 易于誤認(rèn)為跟別人關(guān)系很親密，雖然實(shí)際上并沒有那么親密。
- 高度易受暗示（極易受到別人觀點(diǎn)的影響）
In addition, the symptoms must cause significant impairment or distress in an individual.
另外，癥狀還必須對(duì)該人造成顯著的損害或痛苦。
ICD-10
The World Health Organization’s ICD-10 lists histrionic personality disorder as A personality disorder characterized by:
世界健康組織的ICD-10將表演型人格障礙特征陳列如下：
- shallow and labile affectivity,
- self-dramatization,
- theatricality,
- exaggerated expression of emotions,
- suggestibility,
- egocentricity,
- self-indulgence,
- lack of consideration for others,
- easily hurt feelings, and
- continuous seeking for appreciation, excitement and attention.
- 膚淺、多變的情緒反應(yīng)；
- 自我夸大
- 戲劇化
- 情緒表達(dá)夸張
- 易受暗示
- 自我中心
- 任性
- 不考慮他人
- 玻璃心
- 不斷最求別人的欣賞、追求刺激、追求別人目光。
Mnemonic / 助記口訣
A mnemonic that can be used to remember the characteristics of histrionic personality disorder is shortened as “PRAISE ME”:
“表揚(yáng)我”口訣，助記表演型人格特征：
- Provocative (or seductive) behavior
- Relationships are considered more intimate than they actually are
- Attention-seeking
- Influenced easily by others or circumstances
- Speech (style) wants to impress; lacks detail
- Emotional lability; shallowness
- Make-up; physical appearance is used to draw attention to self
- ?Exaggerated emotions; theatrical
- 挑釁（或挑逗）行為
- 誤以為跟別人關(guān)系很親密，實(shí)際上并非那么親密
- 尋求別人注意
- 容易受到他人和客觀情形的影響
- 說話（風(fēng)格）想要給別人留下深刻印象，但缺乏詳實(shí)信息
- 情緒多變、膚淺
- 在意妝容；利用外在形象吸引別人注意
- 情緒夸張；戲劇化
The cause of histrionic personality disorder is unknown, but childhood events and genetics may both be involved. HPD occurs more frequently in women than in men, although some experts contend that it is simply more often diagnosed in women, because attention-seeking and sexual forwardness are less socially acceptable for women than for men.
表演型人格障礙的起因不明，但可能受到童年經(jīng)歷和遺傳的影響。HPD（表演型人格障礙）相對(duì)于男性，更多見于女性群體，但一些專家反駁這一觀點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為實(shí)際只是更常在女性群體中診斷出該障礙，因?yàn)橄鄬?duì)于男性，女性的追求別人注意、撩撥挑逗等行為更不易于被社會(huì)接受。
People with this disorder are usually able to function at a high level and can do well in social and occupational environments. They may seek treatment for depression when their romantic relationships end. They often fail to see their own situation realistically, instead tending to overdramatize and exaggerate. Instead of taking responsibility for failure or disappointment, those with the disorder typically cast blame on others. Because they tend to crave novelty and excitement, they may place themselves in risky situations. Their behavior may lead to a greater risk of developing depression.
該障礙患者通常頗有地位，而且在社交和職業(yè)環(huán)境中也頗為順利。當(dāng)他們戀愛關(guān)系結(jié)束時(shí)，他們可能因?yàn)橐钟舳鴮で笾委煛Ｋ麄兺ǔ?strong>無法客觀認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的實(shí)際處境，而是易于夸張夸大。他們不會(huì)為失敗、失望等承擔(dān)責(zé)任，而是習(xí)慣推卸責(zé)任。由于他們追求新奇刺激，他們常常將自己置于險(xiǎn)境。他們的行為可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更高的罹患抑郁癥的可能性。
Treatment / 治療
The recommended form of treatment for histrionic personality disorder is psychotherapy. That said, therapy for people with this diagnosis is often challenging, because they may exaggerate their symptoms or ability to function. They may also be emotionally needy and challenge the behavioral boundaries set up by the therapist. Therapy should generally be supportive and solution-focused.
Because depression can be associated with failed romantic relationships, patients with histrionic personality disorder often seek treatment when they are experiencing symptoms of depression.
針對(duì)表演型人格障礙，建議采用心理療法治療，盡管如此，治療卻通常是充滿挑戰(zhàn)的，因?yàn)檫@些患者可能會(huì)夸大他們的癥狀或行動(dòng)能力。他們還可能在情感上高需求，并挑戰(zhàn)心理醫(yī)師所設(shè)定的行為界限。通常應(yīng)采取支持型、焦點(diǎn)解決治療策略。
由于抑郁可能會(huì)與失戀相關(guān)，表演型人格障礙患者通常在表現(xiàn)出抑郁癥癥狀時(shí)尋求治療。
原創(chuàng)文章，作者：晴天，如若轉(zhuǎn)載，請(qǐng)注明出處：http://www.75amz.com/10548.html
